The Different Types of CNC Machines
What Else Can a CNC Machine Do?
CNC Machine Programming
Table of Contents
How Does CNC Machining Work?
Choose tenralcnc Works for Your CNC Manufacturing Needs
CNC machining is a process where computer software guides factory tools and machinery, making it easy to control a variety of complex machinery and complete three-dimensional cutting tasks with a few simple prompts.
The CNC process surpasses the restrictions of manual control by utilizing computer numerical control systems. Unlike traditional machining tools operated by live experts through physical means, CNC systems use specialized software programs and consoles. This sets CNC machining apart from all other forms of computation despite appearing similar to a standard computer setup.
Discover how CNC manufacturing can help produce a variety of products. Learn about the processes of CNC machining and programming, including the main types of machinery and the capabilities for your specific needs.
What is CNC Machining?
Once the CNC system is turned on, the software is programmed with the desired cuts, which are then communicated to the tools and machinery that will carry out the specified dimensional tasks. This process is similar to that of a robot, making it easy and efficient.
When programming a CNC machine, the code generator in the numerical system may assume that all mechanisms are perfect, even though there is always a chance of errors, especially when the machine is cutting in multiple directions at once. The placement of a tool in a numerical control system is determined by a set of inputs called the part program.
CNC machines use computer programming to operate, with programs being entered through keyboards instead of punch cards. The code is stored in the computer’s memory and can be edited by programmers, allowing for greater computational power. Additionally, new prompts can be added to existing programs through updated code, making CNC systems dynamic and adaptable.
CNC Machine Programming
CNC machines use numerical control to operate. A software program, known as G-code, is used to control various machine behaviors including speed, feed rate, and coordination.
With CNC machining, the machine tool’s speed and position can be pre-programmed and controlled through software, reducing human involvement. The process begins with a 2D or 3D CAD drawing, which is then translated into code for the CNC system to execute. Before running the program, a trial run is done to check for any errors in the coding.
Discover the various machining systems used in CNC manufacturing and how CNC machine programming simplifies the process. Learn more about the applications of CNC manufacturing in metal and plastic production for industries across the globe.
CNC Machining Is Fully Automated
In today’s CNC protocols, the production of parts via pre-programmed software is mostly automated. The dimensions for a given part are set into place with computer-aided design (CAD) software and then converted into an actual finished product with computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software.
Any given workpiece could necessitate a variety of machine tools, such as drills and cutters. In order to accommodate these needs, many of today’s machines combine several different functions into one cell.
Alternately, an installation might consist of several machines and a set of robotic hands that transfer parts from one application to another, but with everything controlled by the same program. Regardless of the setup, the CNC fabrication process allows for consistency in parts production that would be difficult, if not impossible, to replicate manually.
Open/Closed-Loop Machining Systems
During the CNC manufacturing process, position control is determined through an open-loop or closed-loop system. With the former, the signaling runs in a single direction between the CNC controller and motor. With a closed-loop system, the controller is capable of receiving feedback, which makes error correction possible. Thus, a closed-loop system can rectify irregularities in velocity and position.
In CNC machining, movement is usually directed across X and Y axes. The tool, in turn, is positioned and guided via stepper or servo motors, which replicate exact movements as determined by the G-code. If the force and speed are minimal, the process can be run via open-loop control. For everything else, closed-loop control is necessary to ensure the speed, consistency and accuracy required for industrial applications, such as metalwork.
The Different Types of CNC Machines
Experience the evolution of control machines, from the first use of motors in the 1940s to the enhanced mechanisms of analog and digital computers, resulting in the rise of CNC machining.
Most CNC arsenals nowadays are fully electronic, with various CNC-operated methods such as ultrasonic welding, hole-punching, and laser cutting. The most commonly used machines in these systems are listed below.
Plasma Cutters
In a plasma cutter, a plasma torch cuts the material. The process is foremost applied to metal materials but can also be employed on other surfaces. In order to produce the speed and heat necessary to cut metal, plasma is generated through a combination of compressed-air gas and electrical arcs.
Electric Discharge Machines
Electric-discharge machining (EDM) — alternately referred to as die sinking and spark machining — is a process that molds workpieces into particular shapes with electrical sparks. With EDM, current discharges occur between two electrodes, and this removes sections of a given workpiece.
When the space between the electrodes becomes smaller, the electric field becomes more intense and thus stronger than the dielectric. This makes it possible for a current to pass between the two electrodes. Consequently, portions of a workpiece are removed by each electrode. Subtypes of EDM include:
Wire EDM: Wire EDM uses spark erosion to remove portions from an electronically conductive material.
Sinker EDM: Sinker EDM utilizes an electrode and workpiece soaked in dielectric fluid for the purpose of piece formation.
In a process known as flushing, debris from each finished workpiece is carried away by a liquid dielectric, which appears once the current between the two electrodes has stopped and is meant to eliminate any further electric charges.
Electric Discharge Machines
Electric-discharge machining (EDM) — alternately referred to as die sinking and spark machining — is a process that molds workpieces into particular shapes with electrical sparks. With EDM, current discharges occur between two electrodes, and this removes sections of a given workpiece.
When the space between the electrodes becomes smaller, the electric field becomes more intense and thus stronger than the dielectric. This makes it possible for a current to pass between the two electrodes. Consequently, portions of a workpiece are removed by each electrode. Subtypes of EDM include:
Wire EDM: Wire EDM uses spark erosion to remove portions from an electronically conductive material.
Sinker EDM: Sinker EDM utilizes an electrode and workpiece soaked in dielectric fluid for the purpose of piece formation.
In a process known as flushing, debris from each finished workpiece is carried away by a liquid dielectric, which appears once the current between the two electrodes has stopped and is meant to eliminate any further electric charges.
Plasma Cutters
In a plasma cutter, a plasma torch cuts the material. The process is foremost applied to metal materials but can also be employed on other surfaces. In order to produce the speed and heat necessary to cut metal, plasma is generated through a combination of compressed-air gas and electrical arcs.
Lathes
In lathe machines, pieces are cut in a circular direction with indexable tools. With CNC technology, the cuts employed by lathes are carried out with precision and high velocity. CNC lathes are used to produce complex designs that wouldn’t be possible on manually run versions of the machine. Overall, the control functions of CNC-run mills and lathes are similar. As with CNC mills, lathes can be directed by G-code or unique proprietary code. However, most CNC lathes consist of two axes — X and Z.
CNC Mills
CNC mills are capable of running on programs comprised of number- and letter-based prompts that guide pieces across various distances. The programming employed for a mill machine could be based on either G-code or some unique language developed by a manufacturing team. Basic mills consist of a three-axis system (X, Y and Z), though most newer mills can accommodate three additional axes.
Water Jet Cutters
In CNC machining, water jets are tools that cut hard materials, such as granite and metal, with high-pressure applications of water. In some cases, the water is mixed with sand or some other strong abrasive substance. Companies often shape factory machine parts through this process.
Water jets are employed as a cooler alternative for materials that are unable to bear the heat-intensive processes of other CNC equipment. Due to their cooler nature, several sectors like the aerospace and mining industries rely on water jets, where they use them for carving and cutting, among other functions. Companies also use water jet cutters for applications requiring very intricate cuts in material, as the lack of heat prevents any change in the material’s intrinsic properties that may result from metal on metal cutting.
What Else Can CNC Machines Do?
Discover the extensive capabilities of CNC machines through various video demonstrations. These machines are commonly utilized by companies to create precise and intricate cuts in metal, specifically for industrial hardware products. Alongside the aforementioned machines, there are several other commonly used pieces of machinery in CNC manufacturing, resulting in the production of high-quality and accurate products such as steel aerospace parts, metal automotive components, wooden decorations, and plastic consumer goods.
Discover the essential components and tools used in CNC systems due to their unique requirements. Additional machinery is often utilized by CNC machines.
- Wire-bending machines
Cylindrical grinders
3D printers
Glass cutters
Embroidery machines
Wood routers
Turret punchers
Foam cutters
Laser cutters
The versatility of CNC machinery allows it to utilize various tools and components, resulting in a vast array of goods with speed and precision. This means that even complex cuts at different angles and levels can be completed in a matter of minutes on a CNC machine.
Proper coding is crucial for the machine to carry out its functions as intended by the design. A well-coded process will result in a high-quality, technologically advanced product.
Choose Tenralcnc Works for Your CNC Manufacturing Needs
Choose tenralcnc Works for top-notch CNC manufacturing and machinery. With over 35 years of experience in the machining industry and an expert team with CNC certification, we strive to provide exceptional value to each and every client. From custom machining parts to custom machinery tailored to your company’s needs, we’re here to help.
Discover all we can do for you by exploring our CNC precision machine services. Don’t hesitate to reach out to us with any inquiries or to start a partnership.